Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contributors

Introduction: Board Certification, Christopher Leonardi, MD

Chapter 1: Stroke

Richard D. Zorowitz, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Talya Fleming, MD, and Stacey Jou, MD

Introduction

Basic Neuroanatomical Review of the Major Vessels Involved in Stroke

Types of Stroke

Diagnostic Studies

Medical Treatment

Stroke Rehabilitation

Chapter 2: Traumatic Brain Injury

Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Christine Greiss, DO, Matthew Moore, DO, and Yi (Dan) Zhou, MD

Introduction

Pathophysiology of TBI

Disorders of Consciousness

Posturing Secondary to Head Injury

Prognosis After TBI: An Evidence-Based Approach

Medical Management of TBI

Surgical Management in TBI

Medical and Neurologic Complications After TBI

Mild TBI (Concussion) and Postconcussive Syndrome

CNS Conditions Secondary to HIV

Chapter 3: Rheumatology

Thomas R. Nucatola, MD, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Leslie Bagay, MD, David P. Brown, DO, Seema Malkana, DO, Faraz Jamal, DO, and Jaclyn Joki, MD

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Formerly Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies

Crystal-Induced Synovitis

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

Other Rheumatoid Diseases

Vasculitides

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Infectious Arthritides

Deposition/Storage Disease-Related Arthritides

Other Systemic Diseases With Arthritis

Charçot Joint (Neuropathic Arthropathy)

Atraumatic Arthritis

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Tendon Disorders

Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal Medicine

Upper Extremities - David P. Brown, DO, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Ian B. Maitin, MD, MBA, Alexander Shustorovich, MD, and Michael Chung, MD

Lower Extremities - David P. Brown, DO, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Ian B. Maitin, MD, MBA, Craig Van Dien, MD, and Michael Galibov, DO

Spine - Ted L. Freeman, DO, and Eric D. Freeman, DO

Upper Extremities: The Shoulder Region

Shoulder Disorders

Upper Extremities: The Elbow Region

Elbow Disorders

Upper Extremities: The Wrist Region

Wrist Disorders

Upper Extremities: The Hand Region

Hand Disorders

Lower Extremities: The Hip and Pelvis

Hip Disorders

Lower Extremities: The Knee

Knee Disorders

Lower Extremities: The Lower Leg

Disorders of the Lower Leg

Lower Extremity: The Ankle and Foot

Disorders of the Ankle

Medial Ankle Disorders

Foot Disorders

Toe Disorders: Hammer Toe, Claw Toe, and Mallet Toe

Joint Injections and Aspirations

Spine Rehabilitation

Disc Disorders

Bone Disorders of the Spine

Joint Disorders of the Spine

Soft Tissue Disorders of the Spine

Infections of the Spine

Interventional Spinal Procedures

Chapter 5: Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Clinical Neuromuscular Physiology

Ted L. Freeman, DO, Ernest W. Johnson, MD1, Eric D. Freeman, DO, David P. Brown, DO, and Lei Lin, MD, PhD

Introduction

Basic Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Clinical Instrumentation

Nerve Conduction Studies

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Basic Needle EMG

Radiculopathy

Plexopathies

Upper Limb Mononeuropathies

Lower Limb Mononeuropathy

Peripheral Polyneuropathy

Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

Myopathies

Motor Neuron Disease

Weakness: Differential Diagnosis

Chapter 6: Prosthetics and Orthotics

Heikki Uustal, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Jaclyn Joki, MD, Leslie Bagay, MD, and Yi (Dan) Zhou, MD

Gait Analysis

Amputation and Prosthetics

Assistive Devices

Shoes and Lower Limb Orthoses

Orthotics

Lower Extremity Orthoses for Pressure Redistribution

Upper Limb Orthoses

Spinal Orthoses

Chapter 7: Spinal Cord Injuries

Steven Kirshblum, MD, Jeremiah Nieves, MD, Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Jennifer Chui, MD, and Phillip Gordon, MD

Epidemiology

Anatomy of the Spine

Spinal Pathology

SCI Classification

Medical Complications of SCI

Pain in the SCI Patient

Pressure Injuries

Chapter 8: Physical Modalities, Therapeutic Exercise, Extended Bedrest, and Aging Effects

Thomas E. Strax, MD, Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Steven V. Escaldi, DO, James Yun, MD, and Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD

Physical Modalities

Therapeutic Exercise

Effects of Extended Bedrest: Immobilization and Inactivity

Evaluation of Functional Independence

Physiologic Effects of Aging

Chapter 9: Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Cancer Rehabilitation

Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Nicholas G. Melillo, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Jonathan Quevedo, MD, Lisa Casale, MD, Steven Markos, MD,and Phillip Gordon, MD

Cardiac Rehabilitation - Iqbal Jafri, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Talya Fleming, MD, Stacey Jou, MD, and Steven Markos, MD

Cancer Rehabilitation - Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Leslie Bagay, MD, Ofure Luke, MD, Anna Maria Dunn, MD, Lisa Luciano, DO, Eric Heckelmann, MD. and Richard M. Schuman, MD

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Cardiac Rehabilitation

Cancer Rehabilitation

Chapter 10: Pediatric Rehabilitation

Roger Rossi, DO, Michael Alexander, MD, Michelle Sirak, MD, Jessica Ace, MD, and Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD

Genetics and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Development and Growth

Pediatric Limb Deficiencies

Diseases of the Bones and Joints

Connective Tissue and Joint Disease

Pediatric Burns

Pediatric Cancers

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Cerebral Palsy

Spina Bifida

Neuromuscular Diseases in Children

Chapter 11: Pain Medicine

Jing Liang, MD, Joseph Lee, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Alexander Shustorovich, DO, and Michael Chung, MD

Introduction

Pharmacology

Pain Syndromes

Pain Intervention

Chapter 12: Associated Topics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Spasticity - Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Steven V. Escaldi, DO, and Kristen A. Harris, MD

Movement Disorders - Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Roger Rossi, DO, Steven Markos, MD, and Jessie Chan, MD

Wheelchairs - Steven Kirshblum, MD, Mary T. Shea, MA, OTR, ATP, and Beverly Hon, MD

Osteoporosis - Barbara Hoffer, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Krishna J. Urs, MD, Casey Schoenlank, MD, and Eric Heckelmann, MD

Burns - Alan W. Young, DO, Jonathan Quevedo, MD, Shirley Shen, MD, and Kristen A. Harris, MD

Biostatistics - Joseph Lee, MD, Bart K. Holland, PhD, Heather Platt, MD, and Hayk Petrosyan, PhD

Ethics - Lyn Weiss, MD

Multiple Sclerosis - David S. Rosenblum, MD

Ultrasound - Steven V. Escaldi, DO, Craig Van Dien, MD, and Sagar Parikh, MD

Spasticity

Movement Disorders

Wheelchairs

Osteoporosis

Rehabilitation of Burn Injuries

Biostatistics

Basic Principles of Clinical Ethics

Multiple Sclerosis

Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

Epilogue, Thomas E. Strax, MD

Index